Animal Farm by George Orwell

Animal Farm is a timeless allegory that uses farm animals to critique totalitarian regimes and the corruption of revolutionary ideals. The story begins with the animals rebelling against their human owner, Mr. Jones, inspired by the visionary boar Old Major. They establish a utopian society governed by equality and simple rules, but power gradually corrupts the pigs leading the revolution. Napoleon, a cunning pig, consolidates authority, rewriting commandments and manipulating the other animals through propaganda. The farm’s descent into tyranny mirrors real-world political movements, highlighting themes of class struggle, propaganda, and the betrayal of principles. Orwell’s sharp prose and vivid characters make the story both accessible and deeply thought-provoking.

The novel’s strength lies in its simplicity, using animals to symbolize historical figures and ideologies. The pigs’ hypocrisy and the sheep’s blind obedience reflect human flaws, while the hardworking horse Boxer embodies loyalty and exploitation. As the farm’s ideals crumble, the line between oppressor and oppressed blurs, leaving readers to question how power corrupts even the noblest causes. The story’s enduring relevance resonates in discussions about authority, freedom, and societal complacency.

Orwell’s critique extends beyond politics to human nature itself, showing how fear and manipulation can erode solidarity. The animals’ initial hope for a fairer world contrasts starkly with the grim reality they face, underscoring the fragility of justice. The book’s compact length belies its depth, making it a staple in classrooms and a touchstone for discussions on morality and governance.